Linux (commonly pronounced LIH-N?ks in English; variants exist) is a Unix-like computer operating system. Linux is one of the most prominent examples of free software and open source development: typically all underlying source code can be freely modified, used, and redistributed by anyone.
Linux Ubuntu Mac Black screen on install
I found that when instaling Ubuntu (Dapper Drake) on an imac after the install starts you hear music but the screen is black / blank. Here is how to fix that problem
- ctrl+option+F1 (This brings up a command prompt)
- type: sudo nano /etc/X11/xorg.conf
- Find the line that says "Load dri" and place a # infront of the text
- Find the line that says "HorizSync" and change the value to 60-60
- Below edit the line "VertRefresh" to 75-117
- hit Ctrl+O, it will ask where you want to save, just hit enter
- hit Ctrl+X, this will bring you back to the command prompt
- Type sudo killall gdm
- Type sudo /etc/init.d/gdm start
At this point the GUI will load and you should be clear to load the install or use the LiveCD.
Tags | linux | ubuntu | debian | Active Directory
Binding Debian / Ubuntu to an Active DirectoryTo begin, obviously you should NOT be doing this on a production server or workstation. Also it's important to note that everyones domain is slightly different, so if this solution does not work 100% for your domain, you may just need to tweak one of the config files below. DON'T GIVE UP, enterprises bind active directories to linux, WE bind Active Directories to linux, IT CAN BE DONE.
To begin, I will be using the domain "example.name.domain" in place of the full domain name, EXAMPLE in place of the short name. A common mistake people will make when attempting this the first time is to not pay attention to the case. It's important that where UPPERCASE is used, you use uppercase. Also I use "computername" in place of the computers name, it's also important that case and spelling remain exactly the same across all of the configuration files. Last I use "xxx" in place of the numeric value of any IP address.
For ubuntu users, you will need to add the Universe and Multiverse repositories first: (Debian users can skipo to "Update The Package list")
un-comment the following line
# deb-src http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ edgy universe
It should now read:
deb-src http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ edgy main restricted universe multiverse
Add the following to the security line:
deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu edgy-security main restricted universe
Update the package lists
sudo apt-get upgrade
Install the needed packages
Correct the time synchronization
Configure the /etc/krb5.conf file
Use the following command to open and edit the file
It should contain the following values:
default_realm = EXAMPLE.NAME.DOMAIN
ticket_lifetime = 24000
default_tkt_enctypes = des3-hmac-sha1 des-cbc-crc
default_tgs_enctypes = des3-hmac-sha1 des-cbc-crc
[realms]
EXAMPLE.NAME.DOMAIN = {
kdc = EXAMPLE.NAME.DOMAIN
default_domain = EXAMPLE.NAME.DOMAIN}
[domain_realm]
.mit.edu = ATHENA.MIT.EDU
mit.edu = ATHENA.MIT.EDU
.media.mit.edu = MEDIA-LAB.MIT.EDU
media.mit.edu = MEDIA-LAB.MIT.EDU
.whoi.edu = ATHENA.MIT.EDU
whoi.edu = ATHENA.MIT.EDU
.stanford.edu = stanford.edu
.example.name.domain = EXAMPLE.NAME.DOMAIN
example.name.domain = EXAMPLE.NAME.DOMAIN
Configure the /etc/samba/smb.conf file
Change the following lineworkgroup = MSHOME
workgroup = EXAMPLE
realm = EXAMPLE.NAME.DOMAIN
security = ADS
netbiosname = computername
password server = EXAMPLE.NAME.DOMAIN
log level = 3
log file = /var/log/samba/%m
winbind separator = +
template homedir = /home/%D/%U
winbind enum users = No
winbind enum groups = No
winbind use default domain = yes
client use spnego = Yes
encrypt passwords = true
winbind nested groups = Yes
restrict anonymous = 2
domain master = no
local master = no
wins server = xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx
printcap name = cups
printing = cups
idmap uid = 500-10000000
idmap gid = 500-10000000
Edit /etc/nsswitch.conf
The file should look the example below.group: files winbind
shadow: compat
hosts: files dns wins
networks: files
protocols: db files
services: db files
ethers: db files
rpc: db files
netgroup: nis
Modify the PAM settings
/etc/pam.d/common-account should contain only the following linesaccount required pam_unix.so
/etc/pam.d/common-auth should contain only the following lines
auth required pam_unix.so nullok_secure use_first_pass debug
Modify the /etc/pam.d/common-password file, so the max parameter is set to 50, similar to the one shown below
Make sure the /etc/pam.d/common-session file contains the following line
session required pam_mkhomedir.so umask=0022 skel=/etc/skel
Set pam to lookup the UID and GID values /etc/pam.d/samba
Make a directory to hold domain user home directories
Modify the host file
The top of /etc/hosts should read:Note that xxx should be replaced with a DNS name in domain
127.0.0.1 localhost
127.0.1.1 computername.example.name.domain computername
127.0.1.1 computername.example.name.domain localhost computername
xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx EXAMPLE.NAME.DOMAIN EXAMPLE
Resolv.conf
This is a critical step, make sure that the machine is allowed to point to the correct Ldap dns servers or you will get an error when you bind to the ADS.nameserver xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx
The name server values can be found in DNS entry found on a windows computer (for example) by using the following command line code:
Test the DNS lookup
Replace machine_name with a DNS name of a server or workstation on your networkThis should resolve and look like the following output:
Address: xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx
Name: machine_name.example.name.domain
Address: xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx
Test your FQDN
The above command will result in the same computer name as you have specified in the config files.
The above command will result in the following format:
computer name.example.name.domain
If this does not work, go back and check your hosts file
Initialize Kerberos
A domain admin is anyone that can control the users container, this is basically a user that could add or remove users or objects to the domain, if you can't do this, ask your AD administrator to do this step for you.
Enter the password for the user, if nothing comes back after you type it in, your good, otherwise re-review the above steps.
Next check to be sure you got a ticket from the domain controller:
Join the system to the domain
Restart Samba
Order is importantRestart SSH and Test Connectivity
Try to ssh into the computer using your NT login name as the user name IE EXAMPLE\username
Tags | linux
Searching for text in files with LinuxSearching for text inside many files is really easy when you are using linux.
To search for text inside a given file use:
To search for a string in multiple files in linux use the following command:
You can also substite the wildcard with just *.extension or file.*
Tags | linux
Changing a users id UID in linuxTO change a users name is as simple as using the following command:
usermod -l new-name old-name
In the above example the new-name represents the name that you would like to change the users name to and the old-name is what the name was before.
To change a users UID or user ID you can use the following command
usermod -u UID username
In this example the UID is replaced with the value that you want the new UID to be, 501 for example and the username is the users username.
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